What is a Heart attack?
A heart attack is a medical condition in which blood flow to the heart stops. In most cases, a person may also die due to a heart attack. This condition arises from the accumulation of fat, cholesterol, and other liquids in the blood vessels. All these things cause obstruction of blood flow in the heart, which can lead to a heart attack.
This problem usually occurs in the blood vessels that carry blood to the heart, ie, coronary arteries. Due to such obstruction in the blood, the heart is completely or partially damaged. This is a fatal problem.
However, medical science has achieved new achievements in its treatment. For this reason, people's lives can be saved even today when a heart attack occurs.
How common is a heart attack?
Ischemic heart disease and stroke are the cause of 80 percent of deaths due to heart disease in India. Premature death rates due to heart disease have seen a 59 percent increase. Where the figures were 2 crore 30 lakhs in 1990, in 2010 this figure has increased to 3 crores 70 lakhs.
Symptoms of heart attack
A heart attack is a very serious condition due to which any person can die at the same time. In such a situation, by identifying the symptoms of this condition, the person can save his life by calling the emergency room or help.
The following symptoms occur before a heart attack
Feeling pressure, stretch, pain, or sensation in the chest or arm that reaches the neck and back via the chest and arm.
Sudden dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, or lower abdominal pain.
Shortness of breath.
to sweat.
Tiredness and sudden nervousness.
It has been observed that every person experiences different symptoms during a heart attack. If a person feels extreme pain, then one feels less pain.
Many people do not see any symptoms and have a direct heart attack. However, the more symptoms that appear in a person, the greater the risk of a heart attack.
Many people suddenly fall prey to a heart attack. However, it is a matter of relief that many hours, days, and weeks before symptoms of heart attack, symptoms start appearing.
The first warning of a heart attack is repeated chest pain. This pain is aggravated by taking more stress and it also reduces with rest.
A heart attack is a completely different situation than cardiac arrest. Heart attack in cardiac arrest is stopped due to electrical disturbance so that the flow of blood is not known to reach the rest of the body. Sometimes cardiac arrest can also occur due to a heart attack.
When to see a doctor
Seek medical help as soon as possible in case of a heart attack. Many people do not understand the symptoms of heart attack and delay it. In such a situation take these steps -
First, call the emergency helpline and call for help. If you think you may have a heart attack or start having symptoms, do not delay and contact the emergency room immediately.
If you are in a place where medical help cannot be reached, immediately reach a close hospital with a partner.
With no option left, drive to the hospital by yourself. Because it can worsen your situation and you may be in danger.
If your doctor has advised you to take nitroglycerin, then take nitroglycerin until medical help arrives.
You can also take aspirin during medical advice. During a heart attack, aspirin can prevent the formation of blood clots in the heart, greatly reducing the risk of heart damage.
But aspirin can react with other medications, so do not take it without medical advice or an emergency assistant's advice. Do not delay in calling an ambulance in the vicinity of any medicine. First, call for help and then take medicine.
This causes a heart attack
When one or more of your blood vessels get blocked, this causes heart attack. In most cases these blood vessels obstruct the flow of cholesterol and other substances. For this reason, this condition is also called coronary artery disease.
Many blockers can also burst during a heart attack, causing cholesterol and other substances to enter the bloodstream. Because of this, blood clots start forming at the place of obstruction and if the blood clot becomes too large then the blood flow stops completely.
In addition to coronary artery disease, which causes blockage of the arteries, heart attack occurs due to another reason. This is due to the narrowing of the blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.
The nerves of the addicts of tobacco, drugs, etc. start to shrink rapidly, which can lead to heart attack and even death. Apart from this, damage to the nerves that supply blood to the heart can also cause a heart attack.
Due to this, the risk of heart attack increases
There are many reasons behind the heart attack, but these three reasons are the most prominent -
Age: Men over 45 years of age and women over 55 years of age are more likely to have heart attacks than youngsters.
Tobacco: Heart Attention from Smoking or Prolonged Passive Smoking
How is heart attack tested?
If you have a heart attack, your doctor can confirm it by asking or seeing your symptoms. Blood pressure, pulse rate and body temperature can tell you whether you have had a heart attack or not.
The following tests detect heart attack: -
ECG
To detect a heart attack in critical condition, doctors use ECG ie Electrocardiogram technique. In this, waves are seen connecting the electrodes to your skin. This is done because the damaged heart does not record normal waves in the ECG.
Blood test
If your heart is damaged by a heart attack, then some enzymes like cretin phosphokinase, leaking from it, get into the blood. Doctors can confirm the presence of these enzymes by taking a sample of your blood.
Doctors also detect it during or after a heart attack with these tests.
Chest X-ray: Through the X-ray, doctors can find out the size of your heart, the position of blood vessels, and other liquids and lungs.
Echocardiogram: In this modern test, sound waves are released by placing a device on the chest. Who collide with the heart and reach back into the sensor. Based on these returned waves, the device produces video images of the heart.
Angiogram: In this test, a liquid dye is injected into the veins. Which reaches the arteries that bleed our hearts. With the help of this dye, the veins begin to appear in the X-ray and the place where the veins are blocked.
CT scan and MRI: Like the brain, the heart can also be scanned. After a heart attack, this scan tells him about the damage done.
This is how a heart attack is treated
The most effective way to save a heart attack is to re-normalize blood flow as quickly as possible. If you have had a heart attack, your doctor will try to find out the cause with the help of several types of tests.
The process of treatment depends on the cause. If you have a heart attack, the doctor will recommend the procedure for surgery or treatment without surgery. Both depend on your situation.
With the help of treatment, the pain can be reduced and the heart attack is not allowed again. The following options are available for the treatment of a patient in case of a heart attack -
Angioplasty - In this process, with the help of a balloon, the blocked arteries are opened or frozen plaque is removed.
Stent - A stent is a mesh made of wire that is inserted into the arteries of the heart to keep them open after angioplasty.
Heart bypass surgery - Inside bypass surgery, doctors resume blood flow to the blocked area.
Pacemaker - This is a type of device that is implanted inside the skin. It is designed to keep the heart rate normal.
Heart transplant - This treatment option is chosen in very severe cases where the heart is severely damaged due to an attack and most of the heart tissue is completely destroyed.
Your doctor may also advise you to take some medicines. for example -
- Aspirin
- Blood clotting drugs
- Blood thinners (blood thinners) such as antiplatelets and anticoagulants
- Pain relief
- Nitroglycerin
- Blood pressure medicine
This is how you can avoid a heart attack
- Do not smoke
- Keep blood pressure under control
- Keep cholesterol under control
- Exercise daily
- Keep weight balanced
- Avoid diabetes
- Reduce anxiety
- Do not drink too much alcohol
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